Principle 2 of 10

Decentralisation

Consensus power must be measurable, permissionless, and resistant to concentration.

ProtoLedger uses the Nakamoto Coefficient as the primary decentralisation metric: the minimum number of independent entities required to collude to compromise the system. A coefficient of 1 means a single entity controls the system. A coefficient above 100 indicates meaningful decentralisation. No real blockchain currently achieves a Nakamoto Coefficient above 10 across all subsystems simultaneously.

Scoring Rubric

Score Criteria
7–10 Nakamoto Coefficient > 100 across all subsystems; permissionless participation; no entity holds > 1% of consensus power.
4–6 Coefficient > 20; permissionless but with high capital requirements.
0–3 Coefficient < 5; permissioned validator set; or founding team controls upgrade path.

Data Sources

  • Nakamoto coefficient calculations
  • Validator set data
  • Mining pool distribution
  • CoinMetrics

How Each Chain Scores on P2

Read the full specification in ProtoLedger Core v1.0 →