Ethereum
ETH Launched 2015Proof-of-Stake (Gasper)
40/100
ProtoLedger Index
Ethereum
Ethereum
Privacy
Post-Quantum
MEV
Ethereum scores highest of any evaluated chain at 40/100, having addressed energy proportionality (The Merge), improved finality (15-minute epochs), and made progress on formal verification. Its primary weaknesses remain: no transaction privacy, no post-quantum cryptography, and persistent MEV extraction despite PBS implementation.
Principle Breakdown
P1 — Trustlessness
7/10
Ethereum's PoS with slashing achieves meaningful trustlessness. The Ethereum Foundation retains significant social influence over upgrades, which is a partial caveat.
Validator count exceeds 1 million but geographic and client diversity remain concerns. Lido controls approximately 30% of staked ETH — a significant concentration.
ECDSA only with a PQC roadmap that lacks concrete implementation timelines. EIP-7212 adds secp256r1 support but does not address quantum resistance.
No transaction privacy. All amounts and addresses are public. Privacy proposals (EIP-7503) are in early research stages.
Finality via Casper FFG takes approximately 12-15 minutes. Better than Bitcoin but not deterministic in the BFT sense.
Post-Merge energy consumption reduced by ~99.95%. Energy per transaction is now comparable to Visa. Strong score here.
The Ethereum Yellow Paper provides formal specification. Some components have TLA+ models. Incomplete but the most formal of major L1s.
EIPs and AllCoreDevs calls provide a structured but off-chain governance process. No on-chain parameter changes.
P9 — MEV Resistance
4/10
PBS (Proposer-Builder Separation) reduces but does not eliminate MEV. Flashbots data shows continuing extraction of hundreds of millions per year.
No Sybil-resistant identity. Gitcoin Passport provides optional social-graph-based identity for some applications.