Solana
SOL Launched 2020Proof-of-History + Tower BFT
25/100
ProtoLedger Index
Solana
Solana
Decentralisation
Privacy
Governance
Solana prioritised throughput above all other properties. It achieves fast finality and low energy consumption but at significant cost to decentralisation — validator concentration is among the highest of any major L1. It has no privacy, no post-quantum security, and no formal governance mechanism.
Principle Breakdown
P1 — Trustlessness
5/10
Tower BFT provides BFT safety guarantees in theory, but the validator set concentration means the practical threshold is much lower than n/3.
Nakamoto Coefficient for Solana validators is approximately 3-5 depending on measurement methodology. Highly concentrated.
ECDSA only. No PQC roadmap.
No transaction privacy.
Sub-second finality is a genuine strength. Deterministic BFT finality within ~400ms under normal conditions.
PoH+BFT is energy-efficient. Energy per transaction is very low.
No formal protocol specification. Informal documentation only.
No on-chain governance. Protocol changes controlled by Solana Labs.
P9 — MEV Resistance
1/10
No structural MEV protection. Jito Labs provides some mitigation but extraction continues.
No identity system.